Outline

tocReferencestoc  = =

** __Factors Affecting Abundance and Distribution of //Vibrio vulnificus//__ **

 * 1)  **General Vibrio Introduction**
 * Taxonomic Classification
 * Physiology
 * Modes of Eating
 * Facultative Anaerobes
 * Habitat and Ecology
 * Requirements for Survival
 * Distribution at a Global Leve
 * 1) **//Vibrio vulnificus//**
 * General Introduction
 * Differences from general vibrios
 * Obligate halophile
 * Pathogenesis to humans
 * Three biotypes of Vibrio vulnificus
 * Factors that Affect their Distribution and Abundance
 * Interations with Other Organisms
 * Negative Correlation with Abundance in Shellfish
 * Effects of Temperature and Salinity
 * Water temperatures > 15 degrees celcius
 * Absent in colder waters
 * Salinity values from 8~23%
 * Other Physical, Chemical, and Microbiological Factors
 * 1) **Mechanisms that Allow them to Thrive**
 * Fast doubling times during feast conditions, taking advantage of nutrient availability and outcompeting other species
 * Eg. North sea bacterioplankton subjected to enrichment conditions often used to isolate pelagic bacteria, and the population of Vibrio spp. was enriched more dramatically than any other group; it went from nearly undetectable numbers at the start of the treatment to 65% of the total bacterial population after 40 hours of incubation
 * Transformations
 * When Ant-300 was starved, there was 50% of population modifying their shapes from rod shaped to cocci shape while maintaining normal cellular structures. The transsormation from rod shape to cocci shape allows them to have higher surface-to-volume ratio and making them smaller (able to fit through 0.2 um). Also, better able to escape predation with smaller size "ultramicrobacteria"
 * 1) **Methods Used to Gather Data and Quantify Results**
 * 16S rDNA
 * Quantitative PC
 * 1) **Ideal Conditions for Thriving**
 * Temperature
 * clinical species grow at over 37 degrees celcius
 * //V. cholera// grows at 42 degrees celcius
 * //V. diabolicus// is heat tolerant
 * //V. tapetis// = 18 degrees
 * //V. logei// = 15 degrees